Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) as inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity and the inability to focus that interferes with functioning or development. Symptoms of ADHD also include lack of clarity of thought, distractibility and forgetfulness. It affects school performance, social skills, and educational outcome. Considerable research has shown that the effects of Mindfulness Meditation include greater attentiveness, clarity of focus and clarity of thought. Other effects of meditation include greater sense of peacefulness and stillness, feelings of centeredness, and improved memory. Data indicates that Mindfulness Meditation when taught to those with ADHD, has lasting effects of reversing or eliminating the symptoms of ADHD. The outcomes include improved cognitive performance, improved coping skills and school performance, and improved test scores and grades. Secondary outcomes include greater social skills and educational outcome, as well as improved mood and mental status. The Table below shows a list of indicators for ADHD included in the DSM-V, categorized as either Inattentive, or Hyperactive/Impulsive. This Table also shows the corresponding benefits of meditation for each indicator as published in peer reviewed journals. A list of further reading is also provided.
